**What is Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?**
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective myelin sheath that surrounds and insulates nerve fibers, leading to damage and scarring. This damage disrupts the communication between the brain and the rest of the body, causing a wide range of symptoms that vary depending on the location and severity of the lesions.
**Causes of MS**
The exact cause of MS is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors. Genetic factors play a role, as some individuals have a higher risk of developing MS if they have a family history of the condition. Environmental factors, such as exposure to certain viruses or toxins, may also contribute to the development of MS. Additionally, the immune system plays a key role in the disease process, as it is responsible for attacking the myelin sheath.
**Symptoms of MS**
The symptoms of MS can vary widely, depending on the location and severity of the lesions. Common symptoms include:
* Numbness, tingling, or weakness in one or more limbs
* Fatigue
* Blurred vision, double vision, or pain with eye movement
* Difficulty with balance and coordination
* Speech problems
* Cognitive impairment